36 results
‘Inoculated with the Ways of Anglicans’: Representing Indigenous Participation in Canadian Synodality, 1866
- Terry M. Brown, Jonathan S. Lofft
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Anglican Studies / Volume 22 / Issue 1 / May 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 December 2022, pp. 52-66
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The unprecedented participation by two Ojibwe-speaking Anishinabek lay delegates in the 1866 meeting of the Electoral Synod of the Anglican Diocese of Toronto garnered a brief flurry of contemporary journalistic coverage across a networked imperial and colonial press. In the most vivid reportage, the two delegates were dehumanized, reduced to the status of ‘Indian nags … becoming inoculated with the ways of Anglicans’. In another more distantly circulated representation, an Indigenous presence at the incipience of Canadian synodality was invested with different rhetorical significance, the unsettling scandal of their voting membership justifying the struggle for self-government in the nascent Anglican Churches of other colonies, thus laying bare anxieties about the precarious situation of colonial Anglicanism. Rather than presuming to interpret the experience and discourse of Indigenous Anglicans, nor simply documenting the first local episode of formal Indigenous involvement in the counsels of Anglicans in Canada, this paper introduces the Electoral Synod, the neglected texts that covered the event, along with the lives of the exoticized churchmen featured in their coverage.
Behavioral and Cognitive Predictors of Educational Outcomes in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
- Anne B. Arnett, Robin L. Peterson, Michael W. Kirkwood, H. Gerry Taylor, Terry Stancin, Tanya M. Brown, Shari L. Wade
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 19 / Issue 8 / September 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 June 2013, pp. 881-889
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Research reveals mixed results regarding the utility of standardized cognitive and academic tests to predict educational outcomes in youth following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, deficits in everyday school-based outcomes are prevalent after pediatric TBI. The current study used path modeling to test the hypothesis that parent ratings of adolescents’ daily behaviors associated with executive functioning (EF) would predict long-term functional educational outcomes following pediatric TBI, even when injury severity and patient demographics were included in the model. Furthermore, we contrasted the predictive strength of the EF behavioral ratings with that of a common measure of verbal memory. A total of 132 adolescents who were hospitalized for moderate to severe TBI were recruited to participate in a randomized clinical intervention trial. EF ratings and verbal memory were measured within 6 months of the injury; functional educational outcomes were measured 12 months later. EF ratings and verbal memory added to injury severity in predicting educational competence post injury but did not predict post-injury initiation of special education. The results demonstrated that measurement of EF behaviors is an important research and clinical tool for prediction of functional outcomes in pediatric TBI. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)
Contributors
-
- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
-
- By Nicholas B. Allen, Stephanie Assuras, Robert M. Bilder, Joan C. Borod, John L. Bradshaw, Warrick J. Brewer, Ariel Brown, Nik Brown, Tyrone Cannon, Audrey Carstensen, Cameron S. Carter, Luke Clark, Phyllis Chua, Thilo Deckersbach, Richard A. Depue, Tali Ditman, Aleksey Dumer, David E. Fleck, Lara Foland-Ross, Judith M. Ford, Nelson Freimer, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Nathan A. Gates, Terry E. Goldberg, George Graham, Igor Grant, Melissa J. Green, Michelle M. Halfacre, Wendy Heller, John D. Herrington, Garry D. Honey, Jennifer E. Iudicello, Henry J. Jackson, J. David Jentsch, Donald Kalar, Paul Keedwell, Ester Klimkeit, Nancy S. Koven, Donna A. Kreher, Gina R. Kuperberg, Edythe London, Dan I. Lubman, Daniel H. Mathalon, Patrick D. McGorry, Philip McGuire, George R. Mangun, Gregory A. Miller, Albert Newen, Jack B. Nitschke, Jaak Panksepp, Christos Pantelis, Mary Philips, Russell A. Poldrack, Scott L. Rauch, Susan M. Ravizza, Steven Paul Reise, Nicole Rinehart, Angela Rizk-Jackson, Trevor W. Robbins, Tamara A. Russell, Fred W. Sabb, Cary R. Savage, Kimberley R. Savage, J. Cobb Scott, Marc L. Seal, Larry J. Seidman, Paula K. Shear, Marisa M. Silveri, Nadia Solowij, Laura Southgate, G. Lynn Stephens, D. Stott Parker, Stephen M. Strakowski, Simon A. Surguladze, Kate Tchanturia, René Testa, Janet Treasure, Eve M. Valera, Kai Vogeley, Anthony P. Weiss, Sarah Whittle, Stephen J. Wood, Steven Paul Woods, Murat Yücel, Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Edited by Stephen J. Wood, University of Melbourne, Nicholas B. Allen, University of Melbourne, Christos Pantelis, University of Melbourne
-
- Book:
- The Neuropsychology of Mental Illness
- Published online:
- 10 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 01 October 2009, pp xv-xx
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
18 - Why Economics Matters for Endangered Species Protection and the ESA
- Edited by Jason F. Shogren, University of Wyoming, John Tschirhart, University of Wyoming
-
- Book:
- Protecting Endangered Species in the United States
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 21 May 2001, pp 365-373
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Evidence suggests that Earth's species may be in the midst of a wave of extinction, disappearing at rates 10 to 1,000 times greater than background or natural rates of extinction (Jablonski 1991; May, Lawton, and Stork 1995; National Research Council 1995; Pimm et al. 1995). If we agree that the extinction problem is due to human action, then modifying human behavior must be part of the solution. And yet the consistent exclusion of economic behavior in the calculus of endangered species protection has led to ineffective and, in some instances, counterproductive conservation policy.
This chapter argues that endangered species preservation must take into account basic principles of economic behavior to avoid wasting valuable resources that yield no gain in species protection. We address why economics matters more to species protection than many people think, and what this implies for the ongoing debate over the reauthorization of the ESA (ESA) of 1973.
A news columnist's quip captures a common reaction to reports of species at risk: “What scientists call endangered most people call bait” (Smith 1996). To others the value of protecting endangered species is so obvious, and so overwhelming, that estimates of costs and benefits seem immaterial. This view is exemplified by Roughgarden (1995), who argues that economics should not be confused with morality: “In fact, we should not take costs into account when setting environmental (or other) objectives, but we should take costs into account when considering how to implement moral objectives as policy” [emphasis in original].
Contents
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp v-viii
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Name index
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 657-664
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
10 - Neoregelia subgenus Hylaeaicum
- from Part three - Special topics
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 545-550
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Neoregelia, with about 100 species (Luther and Sieff 1996), belongs to subfamily Bromelioideae, and consists of two subgenera with largely nonoverlapping ranges: Neoregelia with about 90 species and subgenus Hylaeaicum with 10 species. Subgenus Neoregelia is confined to eastern Brazil except for one species each in northern Venezuela (N. cathcartii) and Amazonian Peru (N. johnsoniae). Subgenus Hylaeaicum is entirely Amazonian in parts of Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador and Brazil.
Neoregelia is distinguished from the other bromelioid genera with nidular inflorescences (Canistrum, Nidularium and Wittrockia) by its asymmetric sepals and lack of petal appendages (Leme 1998a,b). However, more recent studies (Ramírez 1991, 1994) have determined that petal appendages occur in members of subgenus Hylaeaicum, and Leme (1997) reported these same organs in subgenus Neoregelia (N. carolinae), indicating need to re-evaluate the taxonomic utility of this character.
Taxonomic problems
Nidularium eleutheropetalum and N. myrmecophilum were successively assigned to different sections of Nidularium, and the genera Karatas and Aregelia until in 1890 Lindman placed them in genus Regelia, which he created by elevating the status of Nidularium subgenus Regelia Lemaire. In 1891 Kuntze had proposed the name Aregelia as a nomen novum for Nidularium, so that its typification must be identical to that of Nidularium. Therefore Mez's decision to use Aregelia for a genus segregated from typical Nidularium is invalid.
Genus Regelia was named after the German botanist A. von Regel, who served as superintendent of the Imperial Botanic Gardens in St Petersburg, Russia. Because the name Regelia had already been assigned to three species of Myrtaceae, Smith (1934b) created the name Neoregelia, considering Regelia Lindman and Aregelia Mez, 1896 non Kuntze, 1891, to be synonyms.
9 - History and evolution
- from Part two - Basic structure, function, ecology and evolution
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 463-542
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Although evolution is the theme that ties this volume together, until now adaptive aspects of phenotype such as CAM, the phytotelm shoot and the absorbing trichome have dominated discussions. Times, places and why these features emerged during Bromeliaceae radiation have received far less attention. At this point, we switch emphasis to beginnings and circumstances that influenced the adoption of those characteristics that define much of the family as exceptional for adaptive novelty and importance in communities. Fossils, ontogeny, phytogeography, paleoclimate, cytogenetics and the structure of the genome provide insight on the geologic history and phylogeny of Bromeliaceae and point out directions for additional inquiry.
Phylogenetic analysis informed by the molecular structure of key segments of DNA and a fuller understanding of the morphology and adaptive biology of representative species will eventually reveal the identities and dates of the major evolutionary events responsible for the distinctness of the more advanced Bromeliaceae among Magnoliophyta. Conditions in primordial habitat(s) head the list of enduring questions: were these sites dark and humid like the forest understory or exposed and dry? More fundamentally, did scarcities of mineral nutrients or drought play the more decisive roles in the evolution of the foliar indumentum and phytotelm shoot? Heterochrony has also figured prominently in speculations about bromeliad radiation, but without much thought given to the incentives (plant benefits) responsible for this process.
A framework that arrays extant lineages in evolutionary space and geologic time (cladogram) will also resolve long-standing disagreements about taxonomy.
2 - Vegetative structure
- from Part two - Basic structure, function, ecology and evolution
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 19-78
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
All of the impressive functional and ecological variety expressed by some 2700 species of Bromeliaceae is grounded on a single body plan, or what Hallé et al. (1978) might consider one architectural model. Widespread occurrence of this same design among extant monocots and the paleoherb hypothesis (Taylor and Hickey 1992) suggest that early Magnoliophyta possessed much the same basic organization. Except for the occasional monocarp, a somewhat larger group of relatively caulescent species (Fig. 2.1), and another modest-sized assemblage of lateral-flowering taxa (Fig. 2.2B), the bromeliads share a distinctly modular bauplan characterized by sympodial branching that leads to series of attached, compact, terminally flowered ramets (Fig. 2.3). Roots, if present beyond the seedling stage, mostly emerge along the lower half of each module.
Vegetative form that favors life on arboreal and lithic substrates also imparts substantial horticultural value to many of the bromeliads. Moreover, some of these same features assure exceptional importance in ecosystems, including indispensability to extensive fauna with diverse needs (Chapter 8). Two plant characteristics warrant special note on all three counts: a generally compact, rosulate shoot (the ramet or module) that often impounds moisture and nutrient-rich solids (creates the phytotelma and consequently the phytotelmata; Fig. 2.4) and the usually peltate foliar trichome (Figs. 2.5–2.9). These attributes, combined with others involving roots and shoots, favor success, including occasional dominance in some of the most exacting kinds of ecospace colonized by vascular flora in tropical America (e.g., Figs. 1.2C, 7.1).
14 - Ethnobotany of Bromeliaceae
- from Part three - Special topics
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 587-608
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Beyond its numerous, valuable ornamentals, Bromeliaceae contains relatively few widely used species, pineapple and Spanish moss being the two notable exceptions. Pineapple, Ananas comosus, ranks among the most popular of the tropical fruits (Cobley 1976). Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) was once an important source of low-grade fiber in the southeastern United States, with annual production of up to 5000 tons. This wideranging species also has important medicinal uses in several regions, and an undocumented amount of material continues to sell for floral arrangements in the United States.
Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium 1976) describes nearly 250 selections distributed among 30 genera. Hybrids, some between members of different genera, substantially augment the hundreds of species in cultivation. Although flowers tend to be small and ephemeral, unusual vegetative forms, ornamented leaves (e.g., Figs. 2.17B, 2.18B) and brightly pigmented floral bracts assure horticultural interest. Red, orange or yellow inflorescences of the many bird-pollinated bromeliads often signal from impressive distances. Sizes ranging from diminutive Spanish moss to giant Puya raimondii further entice hobbyists, and shade-tolerance suits many taxa for indoor cultivation. Frequent capacity to grow on a variety of substrates, including drift wood, cork slabs and fern roots, further enhances the popularity of bromeliads.
Bromeliaceae figure prominently in several additional contexts including cameo appearances in Star Trek movies and Star Trek: The Next Generation. Tillandsia usneoides and other epiphytic bromeliads adorn the sets of Tarzan movies, belying the films' purported African setting. Recent appearances include Medicine Man,where Sean Connery's character finally identifies Tillandsia punctulata, or rather the ants nesting within, as the source of a cancer cure.
12 - Tillandsioideae
- from Part three - Special topics
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 555-572
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Tillandsioideae are mostly rosulate herbs characterized by entire leaf margins, radially organized peltate trichomes (Fig. 2.7), usually superior (or nearly so) ovaries, and three-parted capsules that contain plumoseappendaged seeds (Fig. 3.6J;Wittmack 1888; Baker 1889; Mez 1894, 1896, 1934–35; Harms 1930; Smith and Downs 1977; Rauh 1990). Stigma morphology varies more than in the other two subfamilies, with at least five different types present (Brown and Gilmartin 1989b; Gortan 1991; Figs. 3.1C, 12.1). Pollen morphology is similarly variable (Fig. 12.2). Grains are predominantly sulcate with a distal germination region, and represent the diffuse sulcus, insulae-type, operculum-type and Vriesea imperialis-type (Halbritter 1992). Catopsis is exceptional with its simple sulcus, while inaperturate pollen occurs in some Guzmania species. This subfamily comprises the genera Alcantarea (16 spp.), Catopsis (21 spp.), Glomeropitcairnia (2 spp.), Guzmania (176 spp.), Mezobromelia (9 spp.), Racinaea (56 spp.), Tillandsia (551 spp.), Vriesea (187 spp.) and Werauhia (73 spp.) (Smith and Downs 1977; Utley 1983; Till 1984, 1992b, 1995; Kiff 1991; Grant 1993a,b, 1994a,b, 1995a,b; Spencer and Smith 1993; Luther and Sieff 1996; Till et al. 1997).
Part one - Brief overview
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 1-2
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
3 - Reproductive structure
- from Part two - Basic structure, function, ecology and evolution
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 79-106
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
A substantial literature dating back more than a century describes the bromeliad reproductive apparatus. Taxonomists working with dried specimens authored most of the early treatments. Interest continues, but specimen quality has improved allowing analyses to be more comprehensive. For example, Brown and Terry (1992) used liquid-preserved flowers and scanning electron microscopy to determine that the delicate petal scale that figures so prominently in the most recent monograph of the family (Smith and Downs 1974, 1977, 1979; Fig. 3.1) circumscribes some genera more convincingly than others. Wet material has also permitted determinations of when certain features appear during ontogeny, and accordingly, their utility for distinguishing taxa of low vs. higher rank.
Plant form underlying reproductive phenomena like pollination and seed dispersal and the genetic structure of populations are our primary concern for this review. Unfortunately, few of the hundreds of publications devoted to the reproductive apparatus of Bromeliaceae provide much insight on any of these subjects. Moreover, inquiry on flowers, fruits and seeds continues to be motivated primarily by interests in systematics. The exceptional report that does depart from tradition usually addresses the same question, namely who pollinates which bromeliad?
Today, molecular biology is augmenting the morphological data traditionally used to infer bromeliad history. However, cladograms based on nucleotide sequences must be more fully resolved than those illustrated in Chapter 9 to produce the phylogeny necessary to determine where, when and how often decisive features of the reproductive apparatus evolved.
15 - Endangered Bromeliaceae
- from Part three - Special topics
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 609-620
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
The rapid and accelerating destruction of the world's tropical forests is widely known. Less appreciated are two additional facts: half of the estimated 300000 species of higher plants occur in these biomes, and epiphytes make up to half of the vascular floras of certain tropical forests (Benzing 1990). Moreover, bromeliads comprise most of the biomass of arboreal vegetation at many wet montane tropical American sites. Because members of this family significantly influence important forest processes and provide substrates and other resources for much canopy-based fauna, their preservation is vital to broader conservation efforts. Terrestrial Bromeliaceae, about half of the family, sometimes dominate communities where climates are harsh (e.g., cool or hot and dry) or substrates (e.g., rock) mandate unusual plant adaptations to obtain nutrients and water (Chapters 4 and 5). Too little information is available in the literature on the sizes and genetic structures of bromeliad populations to determine if more than just a handful of taxa are truly endangered (Chapter 6), and thus the following discussion draws heavily on unpublished observations and findings on other taxa.
Bromeliads tend to be locally abundant if not as diverse as co-occurring, ecologically similar flora such as Orchidaceae. Individual phorophytes or rock faces routinely support hundreds to millions of adults. One of the many populations of Tillandsia purpurea in the coastal desert of Peru (Pan-American highway, kilometer 348 north) covered approximately six square kilometers at a density of ∼50 ramets per square meter to total some 300 million ramets (Dimmitt 1989a).
Subject index
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 665-674
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Literature cited
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 621-656
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Part two - Basic structure, function, ecology and evolution
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 17-18
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
7 - Ecology
- from Part two - Basic structure, function, ecology and evolution
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 329-404
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Considerations of the relationships between Bromeliaceae and climate and substratum emerge repeatedly in the chapters devoted to plant structure, physiology and reproduction. Nevertheless, many aspects of ecology either go unmentioned or warrant greater attention in a monograph that claims adaptive radiation as its central theme. This chapter and the following one address this deficiency by revisiting the diverse and often demanding growing conditions experienced by the bromeliads through tropical America. It also raises the less familiar issue of how hosting ecosystems owe many of their important attributes to the presence of these often keystone species. Chapter 8 highlights many of the most intimate associates of the bromeliads, namely their pathogens and predators, and especially the mutualists.
Several facts in addition to our focus on evolution oblige the emphasis on ecology. First, dense populations of epiphytic Bromeliaceae and companion flora demonstrably influence the structure, economy and carrying capacity of many Neotropical forests. The terrestrials in turn sometimes constitute much of the understory, and where trees are scattered or absent they may dominate entire ecosystems. A number of saxicoles achieve near monoculture on precipitous outcrops (Figs. 1.2C, 7.1). Finally, tankforming and bulb-producing Bromeliaceae engage in beneficial exchanges with a variety of nonpollinating and/or seed-dispersing invertebrates and higher animals. Services rendered to the extensive fauna that use these plants surely exceed in kind, if not also in abundance, those provided by members of just about any of the other families of herbs present in the same communities.
13 - Tillandsia and Racinaea
- from Part three - Special topics
- David H. Benzing, Oberlin College, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Bromeliaceae
- Published online:
- 19 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2000, pp 573-586
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Spencer and Smith's (1993) recognition of genus Racinaea (formerly subgenus Pseudocatopsis of Tillandsia) reflects growing appreciation that Tillandsia sensu Smith and Downs (1977), along with Vriesea, constitute a large complex of closely related species needing major taxonomic reorganization. This chapter deals with Racinaea and the remaining six subgenera of Tillandsia, many of which are likely to be redefined along with similarly paraphyletic Vriesea.
Racinaea comprises 56 mainly epiphytic species; Tillandsia includes about 550 species of terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic herbs of highly variable architecture ranging from phytotelm forms more than 1 m in diameter (e.g., T. grandis) to dwarf, moss-like epiphytes (e.g., T. bryoides) of c. 3 cm height (Fig. 2.1). Mesophytic taxa are usually rosulate, or possess more elongate stems if saxicoles (e.g., T. australis). Type Five species (the atmospherics) are more often leafy caulescent (e.g., T. cauligera), and lack substantial interfoliar impoundments (Fig. 2.4). Phyllotaxis is spiral or rarely distichous (e.g., T. capillaris), and the leaves are lingulate (e.g., T. fendleri) to narrowly triangular (e.g., T. fasciculata) or linear (e.g., T. setacea), green or densely cinereously lepidote with centrally symmetric scales. Blades are flat and thin (e.g., R. seemannii) or succulent (e.g., T. aizoides). Scapes tend to be distinct and equipped with foliaceous bracts that may decrease in size and shape toward the top of the scape (e.g., T. polystachia), or abruptly change to vaginiform bracts (e.g., T. fuchsii).
Inflorescences are usually compounded to form a panicle (e.g., T. marnier-lapostollei), a raceme (e.g., T. ixioides), a spike-raceme of distichous (e.g., T. clavigera) or polystichous spikes (e.g., T. spiraliflora), a digitate inflorescence (e.g., T. carlsoniae), a head (e.g., T. capitata), a simple distichous (e.g., T. xiphioides) or a simple polystichous spike (e.g., T. stricta) or rarely a single flower (e.g., T. albertiana; Fig. 3.3L).